Bakehouse oven



July 3, 192s. 1,675,943

C. MAIRICH BAKEHOUSE OVEN Filed Dec. 2. 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet ,2

July 3, 192s. 0 1,675,943

C. MAIRICH BAKEHOUSE OVEN Filed Deo. 2, 1925 g 4 sheets-'sheet 5 l, e TTje f'. n o o o o F1595. Jip

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C. MAIRICH BAKEHOUSE OVEN Filed Dec. 2, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 IrcPatented July 3, 1928.

il] liTED STATES CARL vIVIAIRIC-ll'., -OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

BAKEHoUsn OVEN.

Application filed December 2, 1925, Serial No, 72,777, and in'GermanyNovember 29, 1924.

The invention relates to a drive for bakehouse ovens of the continuoustype.

ln known ovens of this type the carriers (trucks, swing plates,ftrays,&c.) conveying the material to be baked are actuated by a chain drivewhich extends the full length of Jthe, oven. Owing to the great lengthof these ovens, special devices are required for keeping the chains intension, and these devices load the drive unfavorably. At the sametime', means must be provided to eounterbalance the expansion of thechains when hot. Moreover, the chains must not be freely exposed, butmust slide orbe drawn through long guides, which cause wear and lossesby friction, more particularly since lubrication is out of thequestionin the circumstances. In the event of ya chain breaking, theentire circulation 'of the carriers is interrupted and the plant put outof action.

According to the invention, these defects are eliminated by arrangingthat the "carriers for the material to be baked are moved onward insuccession by separate, complete sets or units of conveying devicesprovided in a plurality of positions in the course taken by the carriersthrough theoven. Hence the conveying units for `Athe Ecarriers of thelatch are not led right throughthe oven', but only through a'portionthereof, the carriers be-l ing, in each case, delivered by one unit tothe next in front and then conveyed onward by the latter. lhen chamdrive 1s employed,

only short lengths are used, which `do notrequire special guiding. Theinfluence kof the expansion due to heat is rendered practicallynegligible. Damaged members of the conveying units canbe replacedWithout stopping the work. The insertion of thefbatch carriers into theoven and their discharge `therefrom can be Aaccelerated without inter*rupting the circulation of said carriers,`inasmuch as the rate ofmovement ofthe driving mechanism at the ends of the oven is adjustable.Further, particular advantage arises from the gain in time secured'bythe accelerated insertion of the bath into the oven, so that the batchcan be dealt with, according to the character of thek dough, withoutaffecting the regularity of the working process.

An oven embodying one form of the invention is illustrated, by way ot'eXample,in the accompanying drawing.

(Fig. l represents a vertical section through the oven; 2a, 2"reiliresent a horizontal longitudinal section through the oven; Fig. 3represents a Cross section along the line Anf-B of Fig. 2a; Fig. -zi isa longitudinal sectionall part elevation showing one part of thearrangement of Fig. l in a larger scale, and Fig. 5 isa section alongthe lines C-D of Fig. et and Fig. Qa.

Fig. .6 is a side view elevation showing the front side of the oven withthe means for raising the carriers.

In the embodiment shown, the oven has two baking chambers a and Z), withreturn Ypassages c, Z underneath, through which the 'carriers e arepassed in uninterrupted circulation. The carriers e, which take thevform-.of trucks, are inserted into the baking chambers rat f, andaretaken out at g, g.

Distributed atintervalsalong the oven are chain drives ZL, c', 7s, Z forthe forward movement, and L, i', and Z for the return movement of thetrucks e. The conveyance of -tl`ie"t,rucks is effected, for example, bydrivers fm attached to the chains m and cooperating with stops e and efixed at the trucks c atv different height as may be seen from Fig. 5.The stops e are-asmay be seen vfrom Fig. -arrangcd in such a manner thatthey are acted upon'by the drivers m of the chains fm when theseare'passing the underside of their way in the baking chambers CZ andl25;whereas the drivers m in the return passages@ and cZ are cooperatingwith the stop e when they'are at the upper sides of their respectiveways, The chain wheels n of the' chain drives are arranged on theinner'side walls of the oven and are mounted thereon. All the chaindrives Zz', z', 7c, Z, and IL, z", 7c', and Z of the oven are drivenfrom a common main shaft g arranged asv the main shaft- (Figs. 1 and 4).This shaft drives by vmeans of a worm `wheel* drive a plurality of crossshafts y), one vfor 'each driving unit and driving by means of conepinionsy/ externally mounted vertical'shafts 0, so that the uniform movement of the chains on both sides is ensured. |The 'speed of the middledriving units z', 7c, and z, 7s is usually uniform and adapted to beregulated in common by changing the rotation velocity of the main'shaftQ. The units ZL, Z and ZL, Z at the ends of the oven can be run lhoweverat different speed. The shafts g arranged at the ends of the oven are:for instance driven from the main shaft e Q by means of gearing t, anintermediate lltl shaft t and a variable speed gearing a of any wellknown form. The shaft g drives the vertical shafts (which are arrangedsimilar to the shafts o) by means of the worm wheel drive 9: and thebevel gears y. The means Afor driving the units Z at the other end ofthe oven are not shown in the drawing. Between the drives Z and the mainshaft g intermediate gearings, similar to those between the shaft g andthe drives 7L at the front side of the oven, are interposed.

In particular the drives of the units ZL, t and Z, Z respectively atboth ends of the oven are arranged in such a manner that during thecharging or discharging periods the units may be periodically run at arelatively high speed and then stopped or slowed Vdown whilst the middleunits z', le, i', is are still running at a uniform Speed. In theconstructional form as shown by Figs. 5 and 6 the running of the drivesZL, Zt is made dependent on the openingl and closing of the oven doors fand acting by means of a: lever train w, w on clutches 1, r arranged atthe shafts 0, As soon as the door f at the entrance side of the chambercz is opened,.the lever train fw connected with the side ofthe door actsupon the clutches at both sides of the ovenl connected with it andbrings the drive t into action, so that thecarriers e being within thereach of the side unit 71,

v are pushed forward whereupon a fresh carrierY e may be introducedthrough the oven door. As soon as the door is closed again the 1unit ZLis brought to a standstill so that the carrier e just introduced intothe baking room stops as well.

The same applies to the doors at the exit ends of the rooms c and CZ. Assoon as such a door is opened the driving unit comes into action andpushes the carrier out of the oven. Y The carrier e leaving the rooms cand d at the front side of the oven may be raised to the height of therooms a and b by means of automatically acting elevators shown by way ofexample in Figure 6, which, however, do not form a part of the presentinvention. The vertical shaft S drives the horizontal shaft I-I by meansof the reversible gearing R in one orthe other direction. Thisreversible gear is automatically controlled by means of a cam C, drivenfrom the lshaft S, by means of the worm gearing W.

In the position shown in the drawing the elevator E has just been raisedby the threaded shafts L to the height of the door f andl loaded witharticles to be baked. At this moment the door f has to be opened and thecarrier e is then introduced into the oven as described above. Theelevatory E is lowered into its yother position in front of tifs thatthe other half of the clutch of the revisible gear comes into operation,this oscillation being caused by the cam C. This operation of the cam Cis repeated, causing the elevator, which has in the meantime received Ian empty carrier, to be raised again. It is understood that similarmeans are arranged at the other oven end for automatically lowering thecarriers with the baked goods leaving the rooms a and b to the height ofthe return chambers c and (Z.

The chain drives may also be replaced by other members, such as pinionswhich gear with racks on the trucks c.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim and desire tosecure byv Letters Patent is l. In a. bakehouse oven of the continuoustype, an oven chamber, means for conveying the batch carriers throughthe oven chamber comprising a plurality of spaced conveying unitsarranged in 'series along the path of the carriers so as to act insuccession thereon, and means for stopping the units at the entrance andexit of the oven and subsequently driving the said units at a Ahigherspeed than the speed of the remaining units after each stopping period.

2. In a bakehouse oven of the continuous type, an oven chamber, meansfor conveying the batch carriers through the oven chamber comprising aplurality of conveying units arranged in series along the path of thecarriers so as to act in succession thereon, means for driving the unitsfrom outside the oven chamber, means for alternately driving at highspeed and stopping units adjacent the entrance and exit of sai-dchamber, and means for opening and closing said chamber, said stoppingmeans being actuated by said closing means.

3. In a bakehouse oven of the continuous type, a plurality of ovenchambers, a door for each chamber, a plurality of conveying units forthe carriers arranged in series in the oven chambers at each sidethereof so Vas to act in succession on the carriers, a shaft` for eachof the units projecting through the oven, a vertical shaft for each setof superposed units, gears operatively connecting the vertical shaftsand said projecting shafts, cross shafts and gears above the ovenoperatively connecting the vertical shafts at one side of the oven withthose at the other side, longitudinal driving shafts, gears operativelyconnecting said driving shafts with lsaid cross shafts, a clutchinterposedbetween one of the drivingshafts and said projecting shafts,and means connecting said clutch with the oven door whereby the clutchis rendered operative on the door being opened and inoperative on thedoor being shut. v

4r. In a bakehouse oven of the continuous type, an oven chamber, aplurality of aligned conveying units for the batch carriers arranged inseries along the path of the carriers through the oven chamber so as toact in succession and in the same direction thereon, each unitcomprising a short chain drive, the said units being arranged at spacedintervals in such a manner that the Whole length of the said conveyingunits is only a part ofthe length of the travel of the said batchcarrier.

5. In a bakehouse oven of the continuous type, an oven chamber, thecombination of a pluralityT of spaced conveying units arranged in seriesat each side of the oven chamber along the path ofthe batch carriers soas to act in succession thereon, means outside of the oven chamberopera.- tively connecting the said plurality of units at one sideof theoven with the opposite units at the other side, and means for connectingsaid first mentioned means With a driving source.

6. In a bakehouse oven With a baking chamber, a return chamber for thebatch carriers belou7 the baking chamber, a plurality of conveying unitsfor the carriers arranged in series in said chambers so as to act insuccession on the carriers, means at both sides of the oven operativelyconnecting the units in the baking chamber with those below in thereturn chamber, and means operatively connecting said first mentionedmeans with a driving source.

7. In a bakehouse oven of the continuous type, a baking chamber, areturn chamber below the said baking` chamber, a plurality of conveyingunits for the carriers arranged in series in the oven chambers at eachside thereof so as to act in succession on the carriers and superposedfor the baking and re` turn chamber respectively, a shaft for each ofthe units projecting through the oven, a vertical shaft for each set ofsuperposed units, gears operatively connecting the vertical shafts andsaid projecting shafts, cross shafts and gears above the ovenoperatively connecting the vertical shafts at one side of the oven withthose at the other side, a longitudinal driving shaft, and gearsoperatively connecting said driving shaft with said cross shafts.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

CARL MAIRICI-I.

